Ku bijyanye no gutwara amazi na gaze neza kandi neza, imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo yerekanye ko ari igisubizo ntagereranywa.Imyubakire yabo idasanzwe hamwe nimitungo ituma biba byiza mubikorwa byinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacengera mu isi yimiyoboro idafite ibyuma, dusuzume ibyo aribyo, ibyiza byabo, ubwoko, inzira yo gukora, gukoresha, nibibazo.Noneho, reka twibire kandi twumve impamvu imiyoboro yicyuma itagira ikinyabupfura yubahwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma utagira ikizinga ni iki?
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikidodo, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni umuyoboro udafite ubudodo.Ikozwe mubice bikomeye bya silindrike yicyuma izwi nka bilet, ishyuha hanyuma ikaramburwa hejuru yuruhererekane rwa mandrele kugirango ikore imiterere nubunini byifuzwa.Kubura gusudira mu miyoboro idafite icyerekezo bituma urwego rwo hejuru rwimbaraga no kwizerwa ugereranije nu miyoboro yasudutse.
Ibyiza by'imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma itanga inyungu nyinshi zituma bahitamo kuruta ubundi bwoko bwimiyoboro:
1. Imbaraga no Kuramba
Ibikorwa byo gukora bidafite ubumuga bitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe kuriyi miyoboro, bigatuma ishobora guhangana n’umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe.Izi mbaraga zigira uruhare mu kuramba kwabo nubushobozi bwo gukora ibisabwa.
2. Kurwanya ruswa
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma irwanya ruswa, ituma ubwikorezi bwamazi na gaze byangirika nta ngaruka zo kwangirika.Uyu mutungo utuma biba byiza kubisabwa aho ruswa ireba.
3. Guhuriza hamwe no guhuzagurika
Bitewe no kubura gusudira, imiyoboro idafite uburinganire yerekana uburinganire no guhuza imiterere yabyo.Ubu bwiza butuma amazi agenda neza, bikagabanya imivurungano no gutakaza umuvuduko mugihe cyo gutwara.
Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma iza muburyo butandukanye kugirango ihuze ibikenewe n'ibisabwa.Ubwoko bumwe busanzwe burimo:
1. Imiyoboro ishyushye irangiye idafite imiyoboro
Imiyoboro ishyushye itagira ikizinga ikorwa no gushyushya bilet ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru hanyuma ukayizunguza mu buryo bwifuzwa.Iyi miyoboro yazamuye imiterere yubukanishi kandi irakwiriye kubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
2. Imiyoboro ikonje irangiye idafite imiyoboro
Imiyoboro ikonje yarangiye ikozwe mubushyuhe bwicyumba ushushanya bilet binyuze mu rupfu kugirango ugere kubipimo byifuzwa.Iyi miyoboro ifite ubuso bunoze kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa rusange byubuhanga.
3. Imiyoboro ya Carbone idafite imiyoboro
Ibyuma bya karubone bidafite kashe bikozwe mubyuma bya karubone, byerekana imbaraga nigihe kirekire.Bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda nka peteroli na gaze, ubwubatsi, n’imodoka.
4. Kuvanga imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite ibyuma ikozwe mu guhuza ibyuma bitandukanye kugirango izamure ibintu byihariye.Iyi miyoboro isanga porogaramu mu nganda zisaba kurwanya cyane ruswa ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bwo gukora
Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma nikintu gikomeye muguhitamo ubuziranenge n'imikorere.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwibanze bukoreshwa mubikorwa:
1. Inzira ya Mandrel
Mu ruganda rwa mandel, fagitire ikomeye yicyuma irashyuha hanyuma igatoborwa hagati kugirango ikore igikonjo.Igikonoshwa cyuzuye noneho kizunguruka hejuru ya mandel kugirango ugere kubipimo byifuzwa.
2. Inzira ya Mannesmann
Uruganda rukora imashini ya Mannesmann rurimo fagitire ishyushye ikozwe mu cyuma kugirango ikore igikonjo.Igikonoshwa cyuzuye noneho kirambuye kandi kigizwe numuyoboro utagira kinyuranyo.
Gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro idafite ibyuma
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo isanga porogaramu nini mu nganda zitandukanye, bitewe n'imiterere yihariye:
1. Inganda za peteroli na gaze
Inganda za peteroli na gaze zishingiye cyane ku miyoboro y'icyuma idafite ubwikorezi bwo gutwara peteroli na gaze karemano mu ntera ndende.Imbaraga zabo no kurwanya ruswa bituma biba byiza kubwiyi ntego.
Inganda zubaka
Mu nganda zubaka, imiyoboro yicyuma idafite icyerekezo ikoreshwa mubikorwa byubaka, nko kubaka inyubako, ibiraro, nibikorwa remezo.Kuramba kwabo hamwe nuburinganire byemeza umutekano numutekano mumishinga yubwubatsi.
3. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Mu rwego rwimodoka, imiyoboro yicyuma idafite icyerekezo ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bikomeye cyane hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzimya.Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana nibihe bikabije bituma biba ngombwa mubikorwa byimodoka.
Inzitizi n'imbibi
Nubwo imiyoboro yicyuma idafite inyungu zitanga inyungu nyinshi, zirahura ningorane nimbogamizi:
1. Igiciro kinini
Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma kirimo imashini zigoye no kugenzura neza, biganisha ku giciro cyo kongera umusaruro ugereranije n’imiyoboro isudira.
2. Uburyo bukomeye bwo gukora
Gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma bisaba ikoranabuhanga ryambere hamwe nakazi kabuhariwe, bigatuma biba inzira igoye kandi itwara igihe kuruta ubundi buryo bwo gukora imiyoboro.
3. Ingano ntarengwa
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ifite ubunini nubunini bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora.Iyi mbogamizi irashobora kuba inenge mubisabwa bisaba ibipimo byihariye.
Kubungabunga no Kugenzura
Kugirango hamenyekane kuramba no gukora imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, kubungabunga no kugenzura buri gihe ni ngombwa:
1. Ubugenzuzi busanzwe
Igenzura rya buri munsi rigomba gukorwa kugirango hamenyekane ibimenyetso byose byangirika, kwambara, cyangwa kwangirika.Kumenya mugihe cyemerera gusana mugihe cyangwa gusimburwa.
2. Kubungabunga
Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije birashobora gufasha kongera igihe cyimiyoboro yicyuma idafite icyuma kandi ikarinda kunanirwa gutunguranye.
Umwanzuro
Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo nikintu cyingenzi mubijyanye ninganda zigezweho, zitanga imbaraga, ziramba, hamwe na ruswa irwanya ruswa.Ubwubatsi bwabo butagira ikinyabupfura butuma amazi atembera neza kandi bikagabanya ibyago byo kumeneka.Haba mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, urwego rwubwubatsi, cyangwa urwego rwimodoka, iyi miyoboro igira uruhare runini mugutwara neza kandi neza.Nubwo hari ibibazo, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kunoza umusaruro no kwagura ibikorwa byabo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-02-2023