Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karubone iri mu bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda. Hamwe nigihe kirekire, imbaraga, kandi birashoboka, nibyiza gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzaguha ubuyobozi bwuzuye kumuyoboro wibyuma bya karubone, harimo imitungo, ubwoko, nibisabwa.
1. Intangiriro
Imiyoboro ya Carbone ni ubwoko bwibyuma birimo karubone nkibintu byambere bivanga. Iyi miyoboro ikorwa mukuvanga karubone, ibyuma, nibindi bikoresho, hanyuma bigakorerwa inzira zitandukanye zo gukora kugirango habeho imiyoboro idafite ubudodo cyangwa isudira yuburyo butandukanye. Imiyoboro y'ibyuma bya karubone ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n'imbaraga, igihe kirekire, kandi bihendutse.
2. Icyuma cya Carbone ni iki?
Ibyuma bya karubone ni ubwoko bwibyuma birimo karubone nkibintu byambere bivangavanze, hamwe n’ibintu bike nka manganese, sulfure, na fosifore. Ibyuma bya karubone bishyirwa mubyiciro bine byingenzi bishingiye kuri karubone: ibyuma bya karubone nkeya, ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati, ibyuma bya karubone ndende, hamwe n’ibyuma bya karuboni ndende cyane. Ibirimo bya karubone mu miyoboro ya karubone birashobora gutandukana kuva 0,05% kugeza kuri 2.0%.
3. Ibyiza bya Carbone
Imiyoboro ya karubone ifite imitungo myinshi ituma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Iyi mitungo irimo:
- Imbaraga: Imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone irakomeye kandi iramba, ituma biba byiza gukoreshwa mugukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi.
- Gukomera: Imiyoboro ya karubone irakomeye kuruta ibindi bikoresho byinshi, bigatuma idashobora kwambara no kurira.
- Guhindagurika: Imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone iranyeganyega kandi irashobora kugororwa itavunitse, bigatuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.
- Kurwanya ruswa: Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karubone ifite imiterere myiza yo kurwanya ruswa, cyane cyane iyo yashizwemo urwego rukingira.
- Weldability: Imiyoboro ya karubone irashobora gusudwa byoroshye no guhimba, bigatuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.
4. Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro ya Carbone
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwimiyoboro ya karubone:
Imiyoboro ya Carbone idafite icyuma
Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ikozwe mu gutobora igice gikomeye cyicyuma cya karubone, hanyuma igashyuha ikazunguruka kugirango ikore umuyoboro wuzuye. Imiyoboro idafite icyerekezo irakomeye kandi iramba kuruta imiyoboro isudira, ariko kandi ihenze cyane.
ERW Imiyoboro ya Carbone
Amashanyarazi arwanya gusudira (ERW) ibyuma bya karubone bikozwe mukuzunguza urupapuro rwicyuma cya karubone mumuyoboro no gusudira impande zose. Imiyoboro ya ERW ihendutse kandi yoroshye kuyikora kuruta imiyoboro idafite kashe, ariko nayo iracogora kandi ntiramba.
LSAW Imiyoboro ya Carbone
Longitudinal yarengewe arc gusudira (LSAW) imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone ikorwa muguhuza isahani yicyuma muburyo bwa silindrike no gusudira impande hamwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira arc bwarohamye. Imiyoboro ya LSAW irakomeye kandi iramba kuruta imiyoboro ya ERW, ariko nayo irakomeye
bihenze cyane.
5. Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro ya Carbone
Uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro ya karubone ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, harimo:
Ibikoresho bito
Intambwe yambere mubikorwa byo gukora imiyoboro ya karubone ni ugukusanya ibikoresho bibisi. Ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe birimo amabuye y'icyuma, kokiya, na hekeste.
Gushonga no Gutera
Ibikoresho fatizo bishongeshwa mu itanura ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi icyuma gishongeshejwe gisukwa mu cyuma cyo gukoramo icyuma gikomeye.
Kuzunguruka
Icyuma gikomeye cya fagitire noneho kizunguruka mu muyoboro wuzuye ukoresheje urusyo. Inzira yo kuzunguruka ikubiyemo gushyira igitutu kuri bilet ukoresheje urukurikirane rw'ibizunguruka kugeza bigeze ku bunini n'ubunini bwifuzwa.
Gusudira
Ku miyoboro ya karuboni isudira, umuyoboro wuzuye usudwa ukoresheje bumwe mu buryo bwo gusudira, nka ERW cyangwa LSAW.
Kuvura Ubushuhe
Intambwe yanyuma mubikorwa byo gukora imiyoboro ya karubone ni gutunganya ubushyuhe. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo gushyushya imiyoboro yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hanyuma ikayikonjesha buhoro kugirango yongere imbaraga nigihe kirekire.
6. Gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro ya Carbone
Imiyoboro ya karubone ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye no mu bikorwa, harimo:
Inganda za peteroli na gaze
Imiyoboro y'ibyuma bya karubone ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda za peteroli na gaze mu gutwara peteroli, gaze, n'andi mazi mu ntera ndende.
Inganda zikora imiti
Imiyoboro ya karubone ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti mu gutwara imiti nibindi bikoresho byangiza.
Ibimera byo gutunganya amazi
Imiyoboro y'icyuma cya karubone ikoreshwa munganda zitunganya amazi kugirango zitware amazi nandi mazi.
Inganda zubaka
Imiyoboro ya karubone ikoreshwa mu nganda zubaka mu kubaka inyubako, ibiraro, na tunel.
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Imiyoboro ya karubone ikoreshwa mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu gukora ibice bitandukanye nka sisitemu yo kuzimya na chassis.
7. Ibyiza by'imiyoboro ya Carbone
Imiyoboro ya karubone itanga ibyiza byinshi, harimo:
- Kuramba: Imiyoboro ya karubone irakomeye kandi iramba, ituma biba byiza gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.
- Infordability: Imiyoboro ya karubone irahendutse kuruta ibindi bikoresho byinshi, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mumishinga minini.
- Gusudira: Imiyoboro ya karubone irashobora gusudwa byoroshye, bigatuma ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.
8. Ingaruka z'imiyoboro ya Carbone
Nubwo bafite inyungu nyinshi, imiyoboro ya karubone nayo ifite ibibi, harimo:
- Ruswa: Imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone irashobora kwangirika mugihe, cyane cyane iyo idahujwe neza nurwego rukingira.
- Kumeneka: Imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone irashobora gucika intege mubushyuhe buke, bushobora kubatera kumeneka cyangwa kumeneka.
- Biremereye: Imiyoboro ya karubone iremereye kuruta ibindi bikoresho bimwe na bimwe, bishobora kubagora gutwara no kuyishyiraho.
9. Kubungabunga imiyoboro ya Carbone
Kugirango urambe kandi urambye imiyoboro ya karubone, gufata neza ni ngombwa. Ibi birimo ubugenzuzi buri gihe, gusukura, no gutwikisha urwego rukingira kugirango wirinde kwangirika.
10. Ingaruka ku bidukikije ku miyoboro ya Carbone
Gukora no gukoresha imiyoboro ya karubone irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije, harimo kohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugabanuka k'umutungo kamere. Kugira ngo izo ngaruka zigabanuke, abayikora baragenda bakoresha uburyo burambye kandi bagakoresha ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu gutunganya imiyoboro ya karubone.
11. Umwanzuro
Imiyoboro ya Carbone ni ibintu byinshi kandi biramba bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye no mubikorwa. Hamwe nibyiza byinshi nibibi byabo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma witonze ibikenewe bya buri mushinga mbere yo guhitamo umuyoboro wa karubone.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-10-2023